Kiria Verras's Greek class
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25 Μαρτίου (March) 1821
The celebration of the Greek Revolution of 1821 or Independence Day acknowledges the successful Greek War of Independence (1821 to 1829) was fought to liberate Greece from 4 centuries of Ottoman occupation. After 9 years of war Greece was finally recognized as an independent state under the London Protocol of February 1830. |
Greece came under the Ottoman rule in the 15th century in the decades before and after the fall of Constantinople. In 1814 a secret organization called Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. The insurrection was planned for 25 March 1821.
General Theodoros Kolokotronis and naval commander Laskarina Bouboulina in Peloponnese, military commander Athanasios Diakos, military political commander Odysseas Androutsos and military commander Georgios Karaiskakis in Central Greece, Souliotes’ chieftain and author Markos Botsaris in Epirus and Manto Mavrogenous who spent all her fortune to assist Greece in the revolutionary plans were some of the most important people who played a significant role in the Greek revolution. The Greeks were later assisted by the British Empire, Russia and France.
25 March is a public holiday in Greece and Cyprus. Celebrations include parades and other celebratory events on the same day or its eve.
General Theodoros Kolokotronis and naval commander Laskarina Bouboulina in Peloponnese, military commander Athanasios Diakos, military political commander Odysseas Androutsos and military commander Georgios Karaiskakis in Central Greece, Souliotes’ chieftain and author Markos Botsaris in Epirus and Manto Mavrogenous who spent all her fortune to assist Greece in the revolutionary plans were some of the most important people who played a significant role in the Greek revolution. The Greeks were later assisted by the British Empire, Russia and France.
25 March is a public holiday in Greece and Cyprus. Celebrations include parades and other celebratory events on the same day or its eve.
International Greek Language Day etymology project - February 9
The Axis powers originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that fought in World War II against the Allies (United Kingdom, U.S., Soviet Union and China).
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the protocol signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. The Italian prime minister/dictator Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November 1936 that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term "Axis". |
Ohi Day commemorates the rejection by Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas of the ultimatum made by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini on 28 October 1940. This ultimatum, which was presented to Metaxas by the Italian ambassador Emanuele Grazzi to Greece, shortly after 03:00 am on 28 October 1940, demanded Greece allow Axis forces to enter Greek territory and occupy certain unspecified "strategic locations" or otherwise face war. It was allegedly answered with a single laconic word: όχι (No!). However, his actual reply was, "Alors, c'est la guerre!" (Then it is war!).
In response to Metaxas's refusal, Italian troops stationed in Albania, then an Italian protectorate attacked the Greek border at 05:30 am which was the beginning of Greece's participation in World War II.
On the morning of 28 October, the Greek population took to the streets, irrespective of political affiliation, shouting 'ohi'. From 1942, it was celebrated as Ohi Day, first mostly among the members of the resistance and after the war by all the Greeks.
The following hours general recruitment took place. King George the second was the chief of the Hellenic (Greek) Armed Forces which numbered 35,000 soldiers. In the morning of 28 October the Italians launched their attack in the region of Kalpaki. In 11 November the Hellenic Army starts its counterattack on Kalamas. Coriza was liberated.
In 2 March 1941 English reinforcements arrived in Piraeus under General Henry Wilson. In 6 April 1941 Germans invaded Greece. Hitler ordered Wilhelm List to attack the Hellenic forces. The Hellenic resistance collapsed and so Germans advanced towards Thessaloniki. The Generals in Albania surrendered. In order to prevent the Hellenic Army from escaping through Peloponnese, the next German target was the Isthmus of Corinth which was successfully occupied. The Germans reached Athens and their next target was Crete which was also successfully occupied. Then Germans were free to move to Africa.
During the war, 28 October was commemorated yearly in Greece, in Cyprus and Greek communities around the world, and after World War II it became a public holiday in Greece and Cyprus. The events of 1940 are commemorated every year with military and student parades. On every anniversary, most public buildings and residences are decorated with Greek flags.
In response to Metaxas's refusal, Italian troops stationed in Albania, then an Italian protectorate attacked the Greek border at 05:30 am which was the beginning of Greece's participation in World War II.
On the morning of 28 October, the Greek population took to the streets, irrespective of political affiliation, shouting 'ohi'. From 1942, it was celebrated as Ohi Day, first mostly among the members of the resistance and after the war by all the Greeks.
The following hours general recruitment took place. King George the second was the chief of the Hellenic (Greek) Armed Forces which numbered 35,000 soldiers. In the morning of 28 October the Italians launched their attack in the region of Kalpaki. In 11 November the Hellenic Army starts its counterattack on Kalamas. Coriza was liberated.
In 2 March 1941 English reinforcements arrived in Piraeus under General Henry Wilson. In 6 April 1941 Germans invaded Greece. Hitler ordered Wilhelm List to attack the Hellenic forces. The Hellenic resistance collapsed and so Germans advanced towards Thessaloniki. The Generals in Albania surrendered. In order to prevent the Hellenic Army from escaping through Peloponnese, the next German target was the Isthmus of Corinth which was successfully occupied. The Germans reached Athens and their next target was Crete which was also successfully occupied. Then Germans were free to move to Africa.
During the war, 28 October was commemorated yearly in Greece, in Cyprus and Greek communities around the world, and after World War II it became a public holiday in Greece and Cyprus. The events of 1940 are commemorated every year with military and student parades. On every anniversary, most public buildings and residences are decorated with Greek flags.